clever hans effect造句

• The Clever Hans Effect has also been observed in drug sniffing dogs.
• Critics claim that the results of these tests are susceptible to the Clever Hans effect.
• Something like Clever Hans effect . talk ) 00 : 10, 12 December 2011 ( UTC)
• The Clever Hans effect did not apply, she argued, as Alex would talk to anyone, not just to her.
• The risk of Clever Hans effects is one reason why comparative psychologists normally test animals in isolated apparatus, without interaction with them.
• Some disagree with these findings, arguing that the results of these tests are open to human interpretation and susceptible to the Clever Hans effect.
• Some scientists still disagree with these findings, arguing that the results of these tests are open to human interpretation and susceptible to the Clever Hans effect.
• As Pfungst's final experiment makes clear, Clever Hans effects are quite as likely to occur in experiments with humans as in experiments with animals.
• Another way in which Clever Hans effects are avoided is by replacing the experimenter with a computer, which can deliver standardized instructions and record responses without giving clues.
• If the results of such studies are to gain universal acceptance, it is necessary to find some way of testing the animals'achievements which eliminates the risk of Clever Hans effects.
• In honour of Pfungst's study, the anomalous artifact has since been referred to as the " Clever Hans effect " and has continued to be important knowledge in the observer-expectancy effect and later studies in animal cognition.
• In honour of Pfungst's study, the anomalous artifact has since been referred to as the "'Clever Hans effect "'and has continued to be important knowledge in the observer effect and later studies in animal cognition.
• Although such results are always likely to be controversial, and working intensively with a single animal always incurs the risk of Clever Hans effects, Pepperberg's work has strengthened the argument that humans do not hold the monopoly on the complex or semicomplex use of abstract communication.
• A study at Rico, a border collie reported by his owners as having a vocabulary of over 200 words, avoided the Clever Hans effect by having the owner ask the dog to fetch items from an adjacent room, so that the owner could not provide real time feedback while the dog was selecting an object.